Effects Of Irrigation Regimes Research Articles

Effect of irrigation regimes and nitrogen levels on nitrogen uptake and soil chemical properties after growing ryegrass

Effect of irrigation regimes and nitrogen levels on nitrogen uptake and soil chemical properties after growing ryegrass

Effect of Irrigation Regimes and Nitrogen Levels on Growth and Yield of Cotton Genotypes Under Climate of Multan

Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and water scarcity are the biggest problems in the agriculture sector. These problems can arise in arid and semi-arid areas with water scarcity and low soil fertility. Cotton in south Punjab faces these problems during growth and development stages, so the yield results are lower than in other cotton-producing regions. This study was designed to assess the potential of different cotton genotypes grown on various water and nitrogen (N) applications. This study involves seven cotton crop genotypes with three irrigation levels, i.e., 18, 13, and 9 irrigations with N application at 200, 250, and 300 kg ha-1 under randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial arrangement with three replications of each treatment. The data regarding plant growth, yield, and physiology was collected. The results indicated that Genotype IUB-13 showed a higher N uptake of 0.84% among the other seven genotypes tested at (T2). Among the seven genotypes tested, NAIB-878 demonstrated a significantly higher value of lint weight 1200 g in block-1 and T2.  The finding of this study concluded that higher N levels under deficit irrigation could help to reduce the yield gaps by increasing the growth of cotton genotypes under the climatic conditions of Multan.

Effect of Irrigation Regime on Mineralogical Properties of Clay Fraction in some Iraqi Rice Soils

Five soil pedons were chosen from two sites in Najaf and Diwaniyah, governorates, represent some of the soils of Middle Euphrates area. The soils are exploited by rice crop, and irrigated by two methods (flooded and dry) during the growing season. The mineralogical composition of < 2μm fractions for two depths (0-30 and 31-60 cm) in all studied soils were examined by X-ray diffractions. Results showed the presence of Mica, Smectite, Real chlorite and Kaolinite minerals in clay fraction of soils irrigated by the wet method. Results also, showed the precipitation of Brucite layer into Montmorillonite interlayers and caused to shifting Montmorillonite towards Chlorite mineral in soils irrigated by the dry method, and this was attributed to creation a suitable conditions from continuous wet-dry cycling, which encouraged a chloritization phenomenon to occur in these soils.. While, the continuous waterlogging process did not affect much on the weathering of mica minerals, and transformed it towards of expandable 2:1 minerals in these soils.

Effect of Irrigation Regimes and Nitrogenous Fertilization on Nitrogen Uptake in Tomato

Background:Nitrogen plays a crucial role in growth cycling and development, thereby influencing the plant growth and productivity. Understanding the interactions between nitrogen uptake with different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizers could provide a valuable insight for optimizing tomato production. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of nitrogen uptake on tomato production under different nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation regimes. Methods:The field experiment was carried out during 2022-2023 in split plot design with two irrigation main plots treatments and five different nitrogen fertilizer subplot treatments. Irrigation treatments consisted of 0.6 and 0.8 IW/CPE ratio and the nitrogen fertilizer treatments comprised of conventional urea, neem coated urea, ammonium sulfate, nano-urea and vermicompost. Result: A higher nitrogen uptake was observed in the treatment combination of 0.6 and 0.8 IW/CPE ratio with vermicompost and nano-urea fertilizer applied treatments. Additionally, optimal irrigation conditions positively influenced nitrogen uptake and subsequent tomato fruit yield. This finding emphasizes the importance of considering nitrogen uptake when determining nitrogen fertilizer rates and irrigation management strategies for tomato production.

Effect of Irrigation Regimes and Mulching on the Crop Physiology and Yield of Rabi Maize (Zea mays)

Agriculture is a vital sector of India’s economy and plays a significant role in providing food security, employment, and contributing to the country’s overall development. Maize is a crucial crop within the agriculture sector in India. Maize cultivation contributes to crop diversification in Indian agriculture. It serves as an alternative crop option for farmers, reducing dependence on traditional crops like rice and wheat. Diversification helps in maintaining soil health through crop rotation. A field experiment was conducted at the Farm of College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Godhra, Gujarat during the year 2018-19, to study the influence of drip irrigation regimes with mulching on the physiological development and yield of the rabi maize (Zea mays L.) in the sandy loam soil of the region of Middle Gujarat. The field experiment design was a split-split plot with 36 treatment combinations with 3 replications including three irrigation regimes (1.0IW/CPE, 0.8IW/CPE and 0.6IW/CPE), four mulch conditions (control, paddy straw, black plastic and reflective silver plastic mulch), and three stages (tasselling, silking and dough stage). The result revealed that as the consumption of water increased, growth parameters, grain yield, and its attributes increased significantly at each higher level of irrigation regimes up to 1.0 IW/CPE with reflective silver plastic mulch under all the stages but 0.8 IW/CPE with black plastic mulch result was comparable to 1.0 IW/CPE with reflective silver plastic mulch. The reflective nature of silver mulch scatters light, ensuring better light distribution throughout the plant canopy. This can enhance photosynthesis and promote more uniform plant growth. Black plastic mulch absorbs and retains heat from sunlight, raising soil temperatures. This is advantageous in cooler climates or during the early growing season, as it promotes earlier germination, faster growth, and improved crop productivity.

Effect of Irrigation Regimes on Biochemical Studies of Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. rubra) under Mulch and Non-mulch Condition

A field experiment was conducted at College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agriculture University, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh during 2019-20 to assess the “Effect of Irrigation Regimes on Biochemical Studies of Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. rubra) under Mulch and Non-mulch Condition”. The experiment was done in a randomized block design (RBD) with seven treatments and three replications as control, 100% CPE with drip irrigation, 80% CPE with drip irrigation, 60% CPE with drip irrigation, 100% CPE with drip irrigation under mulch, 80% CPE with drip irrigation under mulch, 60% CPE with drip irrigation under mulch. From the present investigation, it was observed that biochemical parameters like TSS (6.75 °B), total carbohydrates (3.30 g/100g) and anthocyanin (23.66 mg/100g) were maximum at control. While total protein content (2.84 g/100g) and ascorbic acid (102 mg/100g) were recorded higher in 60% CPE with drip irrigation. The findings demonstrated that using irrigation water at a lower rate than full drip irrigation rate can assist increase in TSS, total carbohydrate, anthocyanin, total protein and ascorbic acid concentrations in red cabbage.

Effect of Irrigation Regime on Chemical, Physico-Chemical, and Functional Properties of Melon Fruits and Seeds

Effect of Irrigation Regime on Chemical, Physico-Chemical, and Functional Properties of Melon Fruits and Seeds

Effects of Irrigation Regimes and Rice Varieties on Methane Emissions and Yield of Dry Season Rice in Bangladesh

Adoption of the right rice variety and water-saving irrigation method could reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in lowland rice cultivation. A study was conducted at the research farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, in 2019 during the Boro (dry) season to determine the impacts of different rice varieties (BRRI dhan29, BRRI dhan47, BRRI dhan69, Binadhan-8, Binadhan-10, and Binadhan-17) on methane (CH4) emissions under two irrigation methods, i.e., alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF). The treatments were laid out in a split-plot design, considering water regime as the main plots and rice variety as the sub-plots. The emission rates of CH4 were determined by collecting air samples using the closed chamber technique and measuring the concentrations using a gas chromatograph. CH4 emission rates varied with the growth and development of the rice varieties. The lowest cumulative CH4 emission rate was observed in Binadhan-17, particularly under AWD irrigation. Across the rice varieties, AWD irrigation significantly reduced the cumulative CH4 emissions by about 35% compared with CF. No significant variation in rice yield was observed between AWD (5.38 t ha−1) and CF (5.16 t ha−1). This study suggests that the cultivation of Binadhan-17 under AWD irrigation could be effective at reducing the carbon footprint of lowland rice fields.

Effect of irrigation regimes and planting patterns on maize production in humid climates

AbstractTwin‐row planting in maize (Zea mays L.) has potential for reducing plant‐crowding stress for optimizing grain yield and resource use. A study was conducted in 2020 and 2021 on a Dundee silt loam in the Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD) region of the United States to evaluate maize grain yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) in single‐row (SR) and twin‐row (TR) planting patterns with same seed rate under four irrigation regimes: rainfed (RF), all‐furrow irrigation (FI), alternate‐furrow irrigation (AFI), and every third‐furrow irrigation (TFI). The TR enhanced grain yield by 9.2% in 2020 and 10.9% in 2021 over the SR system. The average final plant density at the reproductive phase was highest under AFI (73,900 ha−1) and lowest under RF (70,480 ha−1). Across all irrigation regimes, the leaf area index was significantly higher in the TR system. Average grain yields under SR were 10.01, 10.44, 9.48 and 9.10 Mg ha−1, respectively, in FI, AFI, TFI and RF; average grain yields under TR were 11.58, 11.32, 10.13 and 9.91 Mg ha−1. The AFI and FI recorded similar grain yields. The IWUE was highest in TR planting (0.028 kg m−3), followed by SR planting (0.024 kg m−3) under AFI. The IWUE of TFI in TR planting was 0.020 kg m−3 and in SR was 0.011 kg m−3. Economic analysis revealed that the TR‐FI and TR‐AFI had average profits of 446 and 432 US$ ha−1, respectively. The study suggests that maize producers in the LMD can save a significant amount of irrigation water without compromising grain yields by adapting the AFI‐TR system.

Effects of irrigation regime on soil hydrothermal microenvironment, cotton biomass, and yield under non-film drip irrigation system in cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, China

Non-film drip irrigation cotton planting mode can effectively solve the problem of residual film pollution in arid areas and promote sustainable agricultural development. However, the research on the efficient irrigation regime and soil hydrothermal microenvironment suitable for non-film drip irrigation cotton planting is scarce. Considering this, using the data monitoring technology based on internet of things sensors, we set 3 different irrigation treatments in 2020–2021. In the flowering and boll setting stage, cotton was watered for 4 times (W4), 6 times (W6), and 8 times (W8) with a single irrigation amount of 69 mm for each of these 3 treatments, and the last time irrigation amount under W8 treatment was 52.2 mm. At the seedling stage, the cotton was not irrigated under each treatment. At the squaring stage, the irrigation times and single irrigation amount were the same under each treatment. The results showed that the average soil water content (SWC) in the 50–110 cm soil layer was increased obviously with the increase in the total irrigation amount. Compared with W4 and W8 treatments, W6 treatment exhibited the highest the soil temperature in the 10–30 cm soil layer in the full boll stage and boll opening stage and the highest soil effective accumulated temperature (SEAT) from initial flowering stage to boll opening stage. The reproductive organ allocation rate in two years was 3.6 % and 2 % higher under W6 than under W8, respectively. With the increase of total irrigation amount, the cotton yield was increased, but the irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) was decreased. The highest cotton yield was achieved under W8 treatment, but it was not significantly different from that under W6 treatment, while IWUE was significantly lower under W8 than under W6. The effective air temperature (EAT) had the greatest positive impact on the average effective soil temperature (EST) in 10–50 cm soil layer, while the cumulative irrigation amount (CIA) had a negative impact on average EST in 10–50 cm soil layer. Evapotranspiration (ET) and SEAT were positively correlated with biomass accumulation amount and lint yield. In summary, the irrigation regimes of 2 times of irrigation at the squaring stage with a single irrigation amount of 45 mm and 6 times of irrigation at the flowering and boll setting stage with a single irrigation amount of 69 mm can be applied to the non-film cotton cultivation mode in southern Xinjiang. Our findings provide a reference for the application of agricultural internet of things technology in soil hydrothermal microenvironment of non-film cotton fields in Xinjiang.

Effect of Irrigation Regime on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Yield under Shambat Conditions, Sudan

This study was conducted with the objective of determining theeffect of application of different irrigation water amounts on the yield ofwheat grown on different seedbeds. Three irrigation water regimesnamely: 100%, 80% and 60% of crop evapotranspiration (Etc) were usedunder two types of seedbeds (sowing on the flat and sowing on ridges)over two successive seasons (2003/04–2004/05) at the DemonstrationFarm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Shambatusing a strip-split-plot design with three replications. The control was flatsown and with no-tillage. Data were collected to determine variablespertaining to plant population, plant height, number of tillers, leaf areaindex (LAI), number of spikelets/plant and grains/spike, 1000-grainsweight, harvest index (HI), total grain yield and water use efficiency(WUE). Results obtained revealed that, the watering regime of 60% ETcwas statistically inferior in almost all the mentioned parameters, and thatthe 100% and 80% ETc had similar results in both seasons.

Performance of Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) Under semi-arid Environment. I: Effects of irrigation regime and irrigation system on fodder yield of Lucerne

A field experiment was conducted during January to August2007, 2008 and 2009 in the Demonstration Farm of the Faculty ofAgriculture, University of Khartoum lat. 15°40 ́N. Long. 32° 32- and 380m asl. The objectives of the experiment were to study the effect ofirrigation intervals of 8 (W 1 ) and 12 (W 2 ) days both of which received 8mm/day and 96 mm/day respectively. In addition the efficiency ofsprinkler and drip irrigation in production of lucerne fodder under the twoirrigation intervals was evaluated. The stability or variability of fodderyield from monthly cuts with seasonal weather changes was also studied.The results of the experiment showed that the irrigation interval (W 1 )consistently produced higher yield/cut in the three years. Drip irrigationproduced higher fodder yield than the sprinkler during the experimentalperiod at both the irrigation intervals. The yield of fodder was higherduring the cool months of January and February and declined during thehot months of March, April and May. Further decline in fodder yieldresulted during the monsoon months of June, July and August.

Effect of Irrigation Regimes on Water Productivities of some Rainy Season Sown Forages in the Gezira, Sudan

An experiment was conducted in the Gezira Research Farm(GRF) during the Rainy seasons of 2007 and 2008 to determine the waterrequirements, optimum irrigation regime, forage yield and forage waterproductivities of Sorghum cv Wad Ahmed (Sorghum bicolor L.Monech),phillipesara (Vigna trilobata), clitoria (Clitoria ternatea L.) and lubia(Lablab purpureus L.) as affected by irrigation regimes. The studyinvolved 12 treatments arranged in split plot design replicated three timesand with three irrigation regimes viz every 7, 14 and 21 days(W1,W2 andW3) in the main plots and the four crops as sub plots. The resultsindicated that in both seasons the irrigation regimes did not significantlyaffect the dry matter yield of any crop and hence W3 was considered asoptimum for all crop. In W3 however Wad Ahmed, (means of twoseasons) was associated with the lowest water requirements, (3818m 3 /ha), highest dry matter yield/ha, (7.2t/ha) and highest waterproductivity, (1.89 kg/m 3 ). The three legumes seemed to have comparablewater requirements, but phillipesara (among the legumes) was associatedwith the highest DM yield, (5.4t/ha) and highest water productivity, (1.18kg/m 3 ). Irrigation every 21 days (W3) seemed to be optimum for eachcrop during the rainy season.

Effect of irrigation regimes on the fertility of soybean and sunflower cultivars planted in repeated periods

The increase in the world’s population means that the demand for food, including vegetable oil and protein products, is increasing day by day. Biometric measurements of the plant, laboratory analysis of soil and plant samples were done using phenological observations “Methods of conducting field experiments”, the amount of protein in soy grains was analyzed based on “Methods for determining the amount of protein in grain and its content”. The results showed that the amount of oil was 58.6% during irrigation according to the pre-irrigation soil moisture content of 65–65–60% relative to the limited field moisture capacity of the 0-50 cm soil layer during irrigation. Furthermore, it was found that when the soil moisture before irrigation was 75-75-65% according to LFMC in the calculation layer of the soil in the 0-50 cm layer in the 1-2-1 system, 1682 m3/ha water was used in soybeans, and it was 2331 m3/ha of sunflower plants.

Effect of Irrigation Regime on Biometric Indicators of Spring Wheat Varieties

It was observed that the biometric indicators of spring wheat varieties were significantly affected by irrigation rates and periods, and it was determined that the biometric indicators changed accordingly. With the increase in the number of irrigations, it became impossible to increase the productivity. In the options of wet tillering (FON), FON+2 irrigation, Fon+3 and Fon+4 irrigation, the mass of grain in one ear is from 1.26 to 1.56 g in Semurg variety, from 1.05 to 1.35 g in South Gavhari variety, respectively. up to 1.29 g to 1.67 g in the Saratov variety. The weight of 1000 grains also varies according to irrigation options, from 40.0 g to 42.0 g in the Semurg variety, from 32.5 to 35.4 g in the Janub gavhari variety, from 39.4 to 41.5 g in the Saratov variety. formed The yield was higher in the FON+3 irrigation option compared to other options. In this case, it was 44.0 t/ha in the Semurg variety, 42.8 t/ha in the Southern Gem, and 46.7 t/ha in the Saratov variety. In this option, the yield of varieties was higher by 24.3-26.2 t/ha compared to the average wet storage (FON) option, and by 15.0-16.5 t/ha compared to the FON+2 irrigation option.

Effect of irrigation regime, Pusa hydrogel and vermicompost on growth, productivity and soil-nutrient status in late-sown wheat (Triticum aestivum)

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 2015–16 and 2016–17 at Crop Research Centre of the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India to study the effect of Pusa hydrogel and vermicompost on crop productivity and soil nutrient status in late-sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Three irrigation levels, viz., I1 [at crown-root initiation (CRI) stage], I2 (at CRI, booting and milking) and I3 (at CRI, late tillering, late jointing, flowering and milking stage), and 4 moisture-conservation practices, viz. application of Pusa hydrogel @ 5 kg/ha, vermicompost @ 1 t/ha, Pusa hydrogel @ 5 kg/ha + vermicompost @ 1 t/ha and no application, were tested in split-plot design, with 3 replications. Results revealed that, the growth parameters, viz. of plant height (106.6 and 103.8 cm), tillers/m, dry-matter accumulation (184.5 and 195.0 g/m), leaf-area index (3.15 and 3.23) and harvest index, of wheat were significantly higher under 5 irrigation levels than 3 and 1, being the lowest under 1 irrigation during 2015–16 and 2016–17, respectively. The wheat received 5 irrigations outyielded wheat received 3 and 1 irrigations during the first and second years by 7.6, 68.8% and 8.1 and 69.4% respectively. Similarly, wheat grown with 3 and 5 irrigations recorded 5.98 and 5.84 q/ ha and 28.88 and 26.65 q/ha higher straw yield during 2015–16 and 2016–17 respectively. The highest available nitrogen (229.9 and 232.2 kg/ha) and potassium (177.2 and 179.1 kg/ha) were recorded with 5 irrigations, followed by 3 irrigations during the first and second years, respectively. The combined application of Pusa hydrogel @ 5 kg + vermicompost @ 1 t/ha over no application at harvesting resulted in 33.2 and 31.0% more dry-matter production/ m and 34.6 and 38.4% higher grain yield/ha, besides 231.0 and 233.3 kg N, 14.6 and 15.1 kg P and 175.5 and 177.8 kg K/ha with 0.494 and 0.512% organic carbon after harvesting during 2015–16 and 2016–17, respectively

Effects of irrigation regimes and brown manuring on physiological parameters and yield of direct seeded rice (TRY 3) under sodic soil condition

Direct seeded rice (DSR) production has been recognised as a more efficient way for conserving both labour and water. However, in regards to irrigation and brown manuring (BM), DSR has gotten relatively little attention. Hence, a field study was conducted to findout the effect of irrigation and brown manuring on physiological characters and yield of DSR (TRY 3) under sodic soil condition. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design and each replicated thrice. The main plots consist of irrigation after 10 cm (M1) and 15 cm (M2) depletion of field water tube and irrigation after the disappearance of ponded water (M3). The sub plots consist of sesbania BM at 15 (S1), 20 (S2) and 25 kg ha-1 (S3), PE Pretilachlor at 0.45 kg ha-1 fb PoE Bispyribac sodium at 25 g ha-1 + hand weeding (HW) on 45 DAS (S4), HW (S5) and weedy check (S6). Results revealed that higher SPAD value was recorded under M3 which was on par with M1. Among sub plots maximum SPAD value was recorded with S5 followed by S4 and S2. Treatment M2 recorded maximum proline content. There is no significant difference found in relative water content (RWC). However, higher RWC content was observed in M3. At the same time, higher grain and straw yield were recorded under M3 with S5, followed by M1 with S5. However, due to a large amount of water required and the higher labour costs associated with hand weeding, M1 with S2 was the best choice for increasing DSR productivity.

Effect of irrigation regimes on starch biosynthesis pathway, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) yield and in silico analysis of ADP-glucose-pyrophosphorylase

Effect of irrigation regimes on starch biosynthesis pathway, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) yield and in silico analysis of ADP-glucose-pyrophosphorylase

Effect of Irrigation Regime On Yield and Water Productivity of Maize (Zea Mays) in the Lake Tana Basin, North West Ethiopia

Proper scheduling gave water to the crop at the right time in the right quantity to optimize production and minimize adverse environmental impact. Therefore, the objective of this study is to quantify the effects of irrigation regimes on yield and yield components of Maize in the Lake Tana basin during 2016-2018. CROPWAT 8.0 model was used to determine the crop water requirement. Almost all parameters were adopted the default value of CROPWAT 8.0. Field data including; field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), initial soil moisture depletion (%), available water holding capacity (mm/meter), infiltration rates (mm/day), and local climate data were determined in the study area. The treatments were arranged in factorial combinations with five irrigation depths (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of ETc) and two irrigation intervals (14 and 21 days) laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The result was analyzed using SAS 9 software and significant treatment means separated using least significant difference at 5%. The result showed that the interaction of irrigation depth and irrigation frequency has no significant effect on the average grain yield and water use efficiency of maize. At koga, the highest grain yield (7.3 t ha-1) and water use efficiency (0.9 kg m-3) obtained from 100% ETc. while, at Ribb the highest grain yield (10.97 t ha-1) and water use efficiency (1.9 kg m-3) obtained from 21 days irrigation interval. Therefore, for Koga and similar agro ecologies maize can irrigated with 562 mm net irrigation depth and 21-day irrigation interval and at Rib and similar agro ecologies maize can irrigated with 446.8 mm net irrigation depth and 21- days irrigation interval.

Effect of Irrigation Regimes and Foliar Nutrition on Flower Development and Water Productivity of Olive (Olea europaea L. cv. ‘Shengeh’)

Effect of Irrigation Regimes and Foliar Nutrition on Flower Development and Water Productivity of Olive (Olea europaea L. cv. ‘Shengeh’)